Japanese Dining Etiquette

Japanese Dining Etiquette Remembering your correct manners is very important in Japan, especially concerning the area of dining etiquettes. This applies especially to foreigners, who should try to remember at least the most basic rules†¦ In Japanese meals, it is customary to say ‘itadakimasu’ (‘I gratefully receive’) before your meal, and ‘gochisama deshita’ (‘thank you for the meal’) after you have finished. These traditional phrases are to show your appreciation for the meal, especially when someone cooks for you.The best way to start your meal is with a sip of soup. Then you should eat a little bit of each dish, in a ‘rotation’, until you finish all the dishes at about the same time. Do NOT complete one dish of food before moving onto the next. Remember that if you are eating from communal dishes, it is considered an important etiquette to pick up the food using the opposite end of your chopsticks, or serving ch opsticks if any are provided. Do not start drinking until everyone at the table is served, and do not pour any drinks for yourself.This should only be done by others, and naturally, it is also your responsibility to periodically check your friends’ cups and fill them up if they are empty, too. NEVER stick chopsticks into rice standing up, as this is how rice is offered to the dead. If you haven’t already heard, it is perfectly acceptable to slurp your noodles in Japan, as people say it tastes better, and it also shows you are enjoying your meal. Remember that it is considered very rude to burp, blow your nose at the table, and talk about unappetizing topics.Lastly, remember to finish every little grain of rice in your bowl or plate, as rice is considered very precious. Also this shows the chef you appreciate his/her food very much. It is also considered polite to return all plates and dishes back to their original positions, and to place chopsticks back in their paper slips or holders. Bibliography http://www. japan-guide. com/e/e2005. html http://www. suite101. com/content/eating-japanese-dos-and-donts-a31496 http://www. japanesefood101. com/index. php/category/dining-etiquette/

Organizational Behavior Essay

There are basically 2 types of organizational structures commonly found in every organization. Namely these two are the vertical organization or the horizontal organization. (Deal, Kennedy, Deal & Kennedy, 2000). I myself have worked in both scenarios and personally favor the horizontal approach as the proposition for success is to work in teams, and cross functional teams. If a company follows a vertical approach then supervision of work becomes a much more difficult task and communication gaps arise which have been termed as the major component of project and process failures. In a horizontal organization hierarchal levels are divided in such a way that management of work becomes easier and people of different departments can share their expertise and knowledge when working together. An organization’s bottom line consists of 2 aspects, which are sales and costs. It is the major objective of any organization to maximize its sales and decrease its costs to the minimum in order to extract maximum revenues and hence increase profits and growth (Belker & Topchik,2005). Costs can be reduced when a horizontal structure is being followed as the number of channels through which information flows till it reaches its destination is reduced but opposite is in the case of a vertical approach where any information needs to cross through many channels before it reaches its destination. his results in the altering of the original message which negatively affects business plus due to the number of channels costs also increase (Porter, 1998). In the same way cross functional teams in a horizontal approach can lead to better and efficient performance as each member of the team is representing his or her department and wants to prove his or her abilities, hence this results in more efficient business processes (Singer, 2004). On the other hand a vertical approach makes it difficult for the company to work because no department is ready to share his or her data with other departments and it is difficult to manage the circulation of information throughout the organization, which results in slow business processes and inefficiency.

Diversity training program Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Diversity training program - Assignment Example or these issues while focusing on the design and employment of a suitable diversity training program in the organization to ensure the achievement of these objectives. Diversity is a keyword in the arena of modern management. It has become extremely critical for all types of companies operating in the current business environment to manage diversity within the organization. The diversity of workforce groups is consistently increasing with an increase in globalized activities and the opening up of multinational and transnational corporations. As such, diversity has emerged as a main issue in almost every company, irrespective of the scale and industry of operations of the company. Organizations engage in diversity training programs because of two main reasons. These reasons are the development of an inclusive environment within the organization and to create an ethical and legally compliant image for the company. Diversity training programs as a part of diversity management are aimed at bringing about major changes in the organizational culture by creating more clear concepts and open mindsets of the employees regarding the diverse groups of people that they have to work with on a daily basis. In a business world with rapidly evolving demographics and workforce components, every organization needs to identify the diversity issues in the business and the impacts that these issues may have on the products, services as well as the staffing activities of the company. In this respect, an organization also has to develop a composite diversity training plan that would help to create awareness and consciousness towards diversity management. The diversity training program used here consists of an extensive lesson plan which includes the key objectives of the training program and the overall plan of the training program. The diversity training program encompasses the distribution of suitable materials related to the training. The materials are distributed among the trainees

DARE Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DARE - Term Paper Example These 43 countries vary in languages and are spread across the globe. Anguilla, Barbados, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Guatemala, Italy, Iceland, Cuba, Japan, Mexico, Philippines, Norway, Spain, South Korea, United Kingdom, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Wales and St. Maarten are some of the countries which have embraced D.A.R.E. as a means of assisting them in the fight against drug abuse and violence. D.A.R.E. signifies a collaborative effort to reduce crime between ‘local schools and law enforcement personnel’ (Leis 2009). Interestingly, local D.A.R.E. programs were found to be so effective that both national and international stakeholders clamored for the creation of an umbrella organization. This massive demand led to the establishment of D.A.R.E. America, a major resource to improve the quality of the local D.A.R.E. programs. This non-profit organization offers officer training provides educational materials for students, assesses the D.A.R.E. curriculum as well as the standards of instruction and program effectiveness. D.A.R.E. America generates consciousness in the minds of the American citizens about D.A.R.E. Police officers are trained and certified to present classroom lessons to children from kindergarten to 12th grade. ... An additional 40 hours of training in high school curriculum is necessary for D.A.R.E. instructors. Internationally D.A.R.E. is considered to be a representation of community policing. The United States Department of Justice has highlighted several valuable contributions of D.A.R.E. to local communities. Two major benefits include a seamless relationship between the young people and the police and opportunities for there to be open communication/dialogues between the school, police and parents. It is quite easy to begin a D.A.R.E. program in one’s community. A signed written agreement between the Superintendent of Schools and the Chief of police I submitted to D.A.R.E. America indicating the desires of both parties to implement the program and the guarantee that the police officers would participate and complete the required D.A.R.E. training. Generally, there is no charge for the tuition to officers. However, some training centers may charge a small fee. The requesting instit utions would usually pay for the lodging and meal expenses of their officers. For the first year both instructor’s materials and students’ workbooks are supplied free of charge to the officers and students in question. Hence a starter kit is supplied to these communities free of charge for the first year. D.A.R.E. in its 28 years life span has received endless praise for its work in public awareness of drug abuse and gang violence from a wide range of members of society. However, no commendation is as distinguished as its first Presidential proclamation since 1988 of a national D.A.R.E. Day. Subsequent to this date each year is marked with a Presidential Proclamation declaring one day in the year as the national

Report 'Holyhead to Cowes' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Report 'Holyhead to Cowes' - Essay Example It is in line with this that the report was prepared to give stakeholders a very vivid idea of the final costing and planning of the event. The report focused on key aspects of the planning that has been done so far and how the event is hoped to be delivered on the due date. Key areas of planning that has been put in place so far include completed work structure, costing structure, health and safety preparations, risk management, and communication plans. Based on these preparations that have been completed, it has been concluded that the university is in a position to successfully start off its race on the planned date. 2.0 Event Management 2.1 Pre-planning The pre-planning focuses on answering the 5W questions (Brenke &Wagner 2006). On the question of why the event is important, it would be noted that this is an event that will serve as a platform for the union to be of relevance to its society through the raising of fund to support society welfare. On the question of what will be p resented at the event, a simple answer of a cycling race will be given. There will be detailed information on where the event will take place but this could be summarised as following a route from Holyhead to Cowes. The event is planned to take place on the 4th of May 2014, in the open lanes of the identified route from 6am to 5pm on each day; and this answers the question of when. Lastly, the question of who is answered by identifying the stakeholders of the event, who include executives of the union, event planners, cyclists and community members 2.4 Event overview Generally, this is an event of fund raising cycle ride that is to take place from Holyhead on Angelsey to Cowes. The event can therefore be said to be made up of two major broad goals, the first of which has to do with the need to have a cycling race in place for selected cyclists. As part of the cycling component of the event, event planners are expected to gather thirty (30) cyclists in good standing who will be engag ed in competitive cycling sport from Holyhead to Cowes. The second component of the event is the fund raising, which requires the event planners to be in a position to put in place structures that will ensure that philanthropists and other donors give to a good course, which is being championed by WUCC. The whole event is scheduled to take place on the 4th of May, 2014. 2.3 Work Structure The structure of the event is expected to have five (5) major divisions or parts, which will be made up of route management, hotel booking, registrations, operations and marketing. The structure is however expected to follow a multi level approach, meaning that each of the major components will have its own sub divisions. For example under the route management, there is expected to be the appointment of team leaders who will further map out the required areas for the race. Under the hotel booking, it is expected that search will also be made for bike

The Main Ideas of the Bush Doctrine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Main Ideas of the Bush Doctrine - Essay Example The first principle relates to rejection of moral equivalency concerning international affairs, whereby the Bush Doctrine contends that there is a need for moral judgment in international affairs; In fact, the Bush Doctrine asserts that liberal democratic regimes are superior to tyrannies1. The other principle of Bush Doctrine concerns the repudiation of social work concerning the theory of terrorism, and belief of economic factors such as poverty and hunger that are regarded to be the cause of the phenomenon. In fact, Bush Doctrine is based on the assertion that terrorism led to 9/11 and precursors that were both against United States and Israel as a way of destroying western liberalism2. Moreover, this ideology is considered dangerous like fascism and communism, which prevailed during the Second World War3. Therefore, this doctrine is also considered the source of 9/11, and the aggression related to culture of tyranny that prevails in the Middle East, and generates fanatics, aggres siveness, and religious despotism. The other principle relates to recognition that after terrorism attack in September 11 conventional approaches to threats, suppression and preclusion and responses of ex post where rendered insufficient. Therefore, inadequacy prevailed in situations requiring efforts to deal with terrorism and rouge regime seeking to weapons of mass destruction. Bush Doctrine gave the rights to undertake preventive war to United States, and the international laws and norms, which embraces the right of a nation to launch strike to another nation that is imminent, hence rejecting the right of preventive war4. Bush doctrine was also considered an innovation attributed to neo-conservatism; hence, it was historical, whereby it can be described as a fusing power of America to principles that ensures the survival of principles and propagation for the benefits of the human beings. The doctrine also applies to American statecraft from the foundation of the Republic since; t he principles of America are founding and significant for determining the foreign policies in U.S.A. Nonetheless, there are implications of the argument relates to linear progression from pronouncement of sovereignty by Bush as an attempt to initiate democratization process in Iraq. Iraq War in 2003 as the ultimate test of the Doctrine in practice The war in Iraq was a definitive test for the Bush Doctrine in practice, since it was initiated through a justified invasion that was in accordance with the doctrine of â€Å"pre-emption†, which refers to prevention of terrorist attack upon America. There was an assertion that the regime in Iraq was in possession of weapons of mass destruction, which were likely to be applied in as chemical weapons, to be sold to terrorist such as al Qeada5. Nevertheless, Iraq has been a primary example of rivalry towards American as the most critical part of the world since the Gulf war, though there are efforts by Americans to alter the situation with a global strategy6. In fact, the change of Iraq regime was justified as morally and pre-emptive act aim at defending Americans, through the intention was considered geo-political, whereby controlling the most significant Arab nation and its oil resources7. This gave United States significant power as a nation and beyond other nations in Europe, central Asia and China. The other practical aspect of Bush doctrine was portrayed through neo-conservatism vision of foreign policy in

Prepare a business and marketing plan for a tourism,hospitality or Essay

Prepare a business and marketing plan for a tourism,hospitality or events organisation of your choice - Essay Example Chakula Restaurant target the central business district that gets crowded during lunch hours with high income individuals. Chakula Restaurant will operate in a sector where individuals with refined tastes spend approximately 500 GBP on a full course dinner items with beverages. The sector however has experienced a slow and sluggish growth majorly due to the rich tourists and business people, coming to the town majorly for business reasons. According to Mintel (2011), the recession has grossly affected the industry and sales have declined by 30%. There has been a reduction in business travel and dining out has also witnessed a decline due to the high costs. The smoking ban in public places has also prevented people from the fine dining sector. This business plan seeks to maximize profits through a fast food enterprise. Chakula Restaurant is likely to succeed due to the experience that the owner has as mentioned earlier. Chakula Restaurant is committed to its fast food business. Throug h this experience, the owner will be able to raise good funds, attract customers, and increase the confidence of both the interested investors and customers. Corporate strategy and mission The corporate strategy of the Chakula Restaurant

Blackberry Strategic Management Dissection Research Paper - Stage 2

Blackberry Strategic Management Dissection - Stage 2 - Research Paper Example Blackberry, is among the major players in the communication industry, and must also not be left behind. In trying to remain competitive and relevant in the communication sector, Blackberry has so far developed and adopted various strategies which it tries to put in place. A strategy refers to an action or a set of plans that one uses in order to achieve one or more desired goals. Just from its vision and mission statement-of which vision is to offer solutions for global communication market including software products- the objective is to dominate the mobile computing marketplace of tablets and Smartphone. A strategy is therefore significant in order for it any firm to achieve its goals and objectives (Rumelt, 2011). Corporate strategy is mainly concerned with how the management of a given company provides clear directions for all its business units. This includes how the departments of the firm work together in order to achieve a given set of objectives of shareholders while ensuring that the value of the firm is also met (Cappelli, 1999). Some of the strategies are strategy of diversification. This is mainly concerned with how a firm can reduce risks that it is exposed to (Capon, Farley & Hulbert, 1987). Diversification can be when a firm introduces some new products and services for example Blackberry have introduced new services as enterprise services, messaging QNX embedded business and the devices business. Diversification has also seen Blackberry moved to different countries with varied levels of risks where they have even partnered with Faxconn to manufacture smartphones in Indonesia and also other rapidly growing markets. Diversification also has seen Blackberry reduce costs of producti on and at the same time increase on their market share as they can reach a greater number of people (Porter, 1996). Blackberry has also applied generic strategies. This is mainly concerned with extending in boundaries of the business by realizing synergies

Claudio and Hero may be the young lovers but Beatrice and Benedick are Essay

Claudio and Hero may be the young lovers but Beatrice and Benedick are much more appealing. Say how far you agree or disagree with this statement - Essay Example The comedy displays acts of affection between Claudio and Hero. When Claudio comes back from the battle, he rekindles his love for Hero. The comedy depicts sweet love full of warmth to each other and later plan to engage in marriage (Shakespeare, 2005:18). However, Benedick on the other hand engages in an argument with Beatrice. They both vow never to engage in marriage in their lives. In deed, scholars view Claudio and Hero as two young lovers due to their outward feelings for each other. Although Benedick and Beatrice despise each other and end up in arguments, they seem more appealing since they inwardly have affection for each other despite the persistent competition in outwit, outsmart, and out-insult with each other. When they encounter a trick that leads to their falling in love, they fall for the trick, and later they end up declaring their love for each other. Though Claudio and Hero appear as young lovers in the comedy, their love to some extent lacks genuineness and trust. When a trick plotted against them takes its course, Claudio fails to consider his trust and love for Hero and ends up despising her in front of the congregation on their wedding day thus cancelling their wedding (Shakespeare, 2003:198). Benedict and Beatrice are more appealing since they declare their love for each other though both of them had vowed never to engage in marriage. They portray a strong sense of will. When Claudio mistreats Hero who is Beatrice’s cousin, Beatrice confronts him protesting for equality. After their love declaration for each other, Beatrice asks Benedick to seek revenge on Claudio but Benedick hesitates depicting that he never acts on impromptu (Shakespeare, 2005:64). After revelation of the deception that took place, Claudio feels sorry and pleads for forgiveness. He even promises to marry Beatrice as a substitute for Hero but finds the substitute to be Hero herself. In conclusion,

Renewable versus Non Renewable Sources of Energy Coursework - 2

Renewable versus Non Renewable Sources of Energy - Coursework Example The researcher states that we want a life of comfort and ease for our citizens and as little a percentage of our population under the poverty line as possible. Economic development of nations has only been possible when one converts from an agrarian to an industrial nation. But doing so also requires making more and more use of the Earth’s resources. In fact, we are stripping the Earth of its natural resources at three times the rate of its replenishment. The consequences are disastrous and it is estimated that we shall run out of the available supply in the next 50 years or so. That is why it is necessary to both conserve our present resources of fuel and other natural resources as well as make as small a carbon footprint as possible. This is the only way that we can ensure that the present resources last for our next generation and beyond. Energy can be classified into two types- renewable and nonrenewable. Renewable energy includes the natural resources that are in abundant supply like the sun, the oceans and the wind from which we can get solar, water and wind power. Nonrenewable sources of energy are those like the fossil fuels the world is consuming at a hectic pace. These nonrenewable sources also power most of the world’s machinery and power plants, especially in developing nations that do not have the means to use better and cleaner fuels and technology. It is no wonder that as we run out of these non-renewable sources of energy, they are going to cost more too. The best alternative is to switch to one or other source of renewable energy as soon as possible. In this regard, each and every member of our society and our neighborhood can play an effective role in conserving and helping the environment. One thing is to be aware of the many ways in which we are wasting the available resources. (1)Switching off all lights and fans that are not being used; (2) turning off the tap water as soon as we have finished, and (3) using a carpool or publ ic transport to commute to and from work rather than our own vehicles will result in less energy being demanded and used. We should adopt conservatism rather than consumerism as a way of life.

Education - high school Essay Example for Free

Education high school Essay High school, as well as college, is just another part in everyone’s lives. Almost everyone goes through such a transition between two very diverse and different worlds. These diverse worlds can be compared and contrasted; however, not all are aware of the possible similarities and differences between them. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the students in high school and students college in terms of the level of the academics, time schedule, as well as the culture practiced by each student. First of all, high school is the first step to a higher level of learning. High school equips us with the proper knowledge needed in order to survive college and other higher levels of learning. Also, there are many subjects in high school such as: math, science, English, art, piano classes and many other subjects. The students are more relaxed and they will learn more carefully. Compared to the time schedule of college students, high school students’ schedules are much more fixed because the standard call time is at 7:30 a. m. and end at 3:00p. m. Students are much more immature and they need guidance in order to lead themselves to better lives. They study inside a single classroom all day, thus having little freedom; on the other hand, the students in the college have different single rooms for each subject. College, on the other hand, is a different story. The subjects a student will learn and discuss are much more specific since students finally chose the best major and a career path students will take in the future. College students are more experience and their workload is much more complex and heavy. They have more responsibilities to carry out in college. The curriculum is much more specific and complicated because detailed topics are being discussed regarding your chosen career path. College student’s time schedules are very flexible because the students can choose their own desired time schedule. These students are much more outgoing and independent compared to high school students. The culture of college students is much more diverse because there is a huge number of students inside a college; many student come from all over the world. College introduce students to each others culture and nationality. People can really see the distinctive difference between these two phases in life; however, there are also some similarities students will experience during their transition into college live. Friends from your high school will usually be there for you especially when you keep a constant connection between them. Studying habits such as cramming for a test or homework, breaking the rules and disciplinary sanctions are still evident in both high school and college to help each other’s. To sum up, we all know that almost all students goes through high school and college. We can compare that college is much more challenging and complex than high school. This is a higher level of learning, thus, requiring more time, effort as well as devotion to studies. Even though college is very tiring at time, I still believe that college is a much more enjoyable and exciting. To have that kind of freedom in your schedule is very rewarding; however, proper judgment is a must since we are all mature students now.

The use of Strategic Management Techniques

The use of Strategic Management Techniques Strategic management is concerned with formulation and implementation of strategy within an organization. Strategy in general refers to Business purpose, values or activities business is engaged in and the way it carries out its activities, compete or operates. It can be described as a systematic analysis of internal factors (organization itself) and external factors (like competitors, suppliers, customers etc.) to provide the basis of rethinking the current management practices. As a discipline, strategic management developed in 1970s, but it has evolved in response to changes in organization structure and corporate culture. With a greater empowerment, strategy has become a great concern not just for the heads or higher superiors of the company but even for employees at all level. Its one of the main objectives is to achieve greater alignment in business policies and strategies. It can be used to determine the values, goals, objectives, roles, responsibilities etc. of a business. It involves the application of corporate strategy to all aspects of organization, especially to decision making. Major Areas: The three major areas of strategic management are strategic analysis, strategic formulation and strategic implementation. Strategic Analysis: This area includes formulation of business vision, in depth study of internal and external environment (PESTEL) and analysis of firms industry (task environment). The internal analysis can help in identifying the firms strength and weakness and external analysis reveals the opportunities and threats. An industry analysis can be performed with the help of Porters Five Forces which evaluate entry barriers, suppliers, customers, substitute product and industry rivalry. Strategic Formulation: Provided the information from the environmental scan the firm should match its strength to opportunities that has been identified in context to its weakness and threats prevailing in the environment. To gain superior profitability firm tries to seek competitive advantage over its competitors. Strategy implementation: This is termed to be the final stage of strategy management where all the designed strategy is implied in actual manner in the real corporate world. It is implied by means of programs, budget and procedures. The way in which strategy is implemented can be of significant impact on whether it will be successful or not. So care must be taken while implementing and communicating strategy to others. Two approaches for Strategic Management Prescriptive Approach/Planned Strategy: Prescriptive approach views the formulation of strategic management as a systematic process of rational thinking and logical decision making. After analyzing the business environment, strategists must set well defined objectives and formulate, select and implement strategies to achieve the defined objectives. It emphasis that strategic management is a rational process analyzing where the organization is, where it wants to go and how it is going to get there. It is formal planning method and is most applicable in those organizations where conditions are stable and within complex and diversified organizations where control and coordination is from top to bottom. It has three stages and all work in a sequential manner. It includes strategy analysis, strategy development and strategy implementation. Long term monitoring and control Source: Lynch, 2009 Long term monitoring and control The above diagram shows that first of all analysis of business environment and resources are done in accordance to defined organizational objectives, then different strategies are designed and best strategy is chosen among all and is implemented. Example: Prescriptive Strategy to Build a World Airline Singapore Airlines (Richard Lynch, Fourth Edition, Page 42-43) Widely regarded as one of the worlds largest leading airlines, Singapore Airlines started as small regional airlines in 1972. After break away from Malaysian Federation in 1995 Mr. Lee Kuan Yew (Prime Minister at that time) realized that relatively small country like Malaysia needs a strong and distinctive strategy if it was to survive and grow. Following prescriptive strategies were under taken: The airline decided that it would build a reputation of superior service to its rivals. Thus, it introduced free drinks, hot towels and headsets form outset in 1972- such amenities are relatively cheap and quick to introduce. Substantial investment in staff training, employee welfare and related activities. Singapore Airlines took the view that staff were crucial both in-flight service deliver and also to aircraft safety through expertise in ground and related operations. Development of a modern airport at its main base in Singapore Changhi Airport Coupled with related strategy of ensuring for airlines. The investment in new fleet aircraft like for example airline introduced the new ultra long range Airbus A340-500 aircraft in 2004. Advantages: Clear objectives provide focus for the business. Makes it possible to organize complex activities and information, set targets against which performance can be evaluated and generally increase the degree of control that can be exercised over the operation of the business. It is often linked to Competitive Positioning approach in which analysis of the business and its environment is done to get a competitive advantage resulting in outperforming its rivals. Disadvantages: There are often discrepancies between planned and realized strategy. Rigid planning in times of dynamic and turbulent business can be unproductive. Rigid adherence to plans may mean some missed opportunities and further more it can stifle creativity as well. Does not take into consideration fallibilities of the manager, culture, politics or the experiential learning abilities of organization. Emergent Approach / Incremental Strategy: Emergent approach or incremental views that strategy must be evolved incrementally over a period of time. This view is based upon the premise that business is complex social organization operating in ever changing environment. Under such circumstances business will evolve its strategy by interacting between its stakeholders and its environment. In this the final objective is unclear and strategies are implemented on an incremental and continuous basis, it has no long term plans or process and there is unstructured in form. However, this approach does not completely ignore all the stages of strategy development. Strategy analysis is still important but strategy development and implementation is inseparable and is based on experience, trial and error adjustment. Active experimenting, learning and adjusting Active experimenting, learning and adjusting Source: Lynch, 2009 As it can been seen in the diagram shown above that emergent strategy is somewhat similar to hit and trail method. It involves trail and experimentation of different approaches, no single approach is chosen for implementation instead strategy is build over a time period. There is no clear distinction between strategy development and its implementation and strategy keeps on changing according to prevailing circumstances. Example: Emergent Strategy at Virgin Group (Richard Lynch, Fourth Edition, Page 47) Richard Branson developed a small record mail order business in 1969 and two years later opened his first record shop and subsequently developed it into the Virgin Megastore. Looking for further opportunities using Virgin brand, luckily he met with an entrepreneur wishing to develop an airlines business. This eventually led to Virgin airline business and in later years business moved into various ventures. Its business strategy is described as below: Virgin group takes the view that there are always some opportunities available for a hungry business. They look for opportunities where they can offer new and better value for money than other companies, where other companies lack complacent like trains, insurance, banks and where new internet might deliver business opportunities. So the main thrust of the strategy has been to find new market opportunities where company believes its brand name can create competitive advantage. Contrary to what people may think, there constantly expanding and adverse empire is neither reckless nor random. Each of their business demonstrates the right picking in right market and at the right time. Advantages: Increases flexibility. Reflects reality and corresponds with what actually happens in an organization and their environment. Flexibility of emergent strategy allows implementation to be integrated and modified as events unfold for the organization. Disadvantages: The downside of this approach is that no planning takes place and the organization muddles through with managers who are biased and happy to seek only satisfactory implementation rather than maximizing the objectives of the organization. It may result in lack of purpose in strategy it can make it difficult of evaluate performance, because organization has no set objectives, performance against it cannot be measured. Case Study of Easy Jet Introduction: Easy Jet was founded by Stelios Haji Ioannou, the son of Greek shipping tycoon who reputedly used to hate the internet. Richard Lynch, Fourth Edition, Fifth Edition www.businessdictionary.com/definition/strategic-management www.fieldoperative.com/Tools/Glossary/Glossary%20s.htm Business Strategy: an introduction, By David Campbell, George Stonehouse, Bill Houston Strategic Management, By Chris Jeff. Comparative Approach To Program Planning, By F. Ellen Netting, Marry Katherine OConnor, David P. Fauri. Understanding Strategic Management, By Claire Capon. Strategic Management for Travel and Tourism, By Nigel Evans, David Campbell, George Stonehouse.

Trends in Fast Food Consumption

Trends in Fast Food Consumption Fast food is food which is prepared and served at a fast-food restaurant or shop at low cost. Fast food is often processed and prepared in an industrial fashion (i.e., with standard ingredients and methodical cooking and production method). It is served usually in bags or cartoons in a manner in order to save costs. Fast food outlets often provide take-away food in addition to a dine-in service. Drive-through, could be found in some fast food restaurant, allow food to be ordered and delivered without leaving the car to speed up the service. Fast food is usually finger food that can be eaten quickly and without cutlery needed (using bare hand). Fast food often offers fish and chip, sandwiches, hamburger, french fries, chicken nuggets, pizza, and ice cream. Moreover, many fast food restaurants offer some other easily consumed choices like, mashed potato, or salads. Chinese cuisine, although the food could be served as take-away, is not always a fast food. Because of its convenience, fast food is successfully popular in most modern society; however, it is often criticized for having alleged shortcoming, for example: It has poor nutritive value, It contributes to obesity, It uses exploitative advertising and marketing. The unhealtiness of fast food, pointing one, comes from cooking method. Fast food tends to be deep-fried which resulting high amount of fats and calories. To illustrate this complaints, the documentary film Super Size Me, had the director eat nothing but McDonalds without exercise within 30days. Due to the combination of food and lack of exercise, his health was impacted. In order to overcome those health issues, some of the largest fast food chains are beginning to incorporate healthier alternatives, adding salads and fruits to their menus. However, some people are unbelieving about this, seeing it as tokenistic and commercial measure, rather than appropriate reaction about peoples health. The rapid growth of the fast food industry during the last decade has added another dimension to the change in food consumption pattern of Malaysians. The Westernisation of global eating habits, make possible through food imports, fast food and rising consumption of sugars and animals fats, is often blamed for the rising epidemic of obesity and associated chronic disease (Gopalan C. 1992). The fast food industry in Malaysia had a sizzling growth throughout most of the 1990s. The total sales were RM1 billion (US$ 263million) in 1997 increasing to RM 1,3 billion (US$ 340 million) in 2000(The Edge, 2001). Some of the major fast food companies in Malaysia and their estimated sales for the year 2000 are shown in table 1. Table 1 Fast food companies in Malaysia a selected list Brand (origin) Year established Number of outlets Market share(%) Sales (US$million)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   KFC (USA) 1973 294 45 152.3 McDonalds (USA) 1982 141 30 92.0 Pizza Hut (USA) 1984 85 8 31.6 A W (USA) 1961 44 4 19.1 Marrybrown (local) 1981 88 4 NA Sugar Bun (local) 1981 45 * 9.5 Kenny Roger (USA) 1994 25 * 9.5 *all others combined = 9% à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   US$ 1.00 = RM 3.80 NA not available. Source : The EDGE. (2001) Still sizzling? Survey Guide, pp. 59-63 Psychologically, adults develop their independence, and try and fit into their social circle. Peer and working pressure may cause them to choose soft drinks instead of milk, skipping meals because of their duties. Adults want to develop independence and make choices for themselves (they choose what and where to eat and drink). Truswell AS (ABC of Nutrition, 1999) has suggested the following eating behaviour as common in adults, such as, skipping meals (being on a diet), eating snack, consuming high amount of fast food, consuming convenience food, drinking high amount of alcohol and soft drinks. Trends in Food Consumption Income and population, coupled with changes in lifestyle to one of urbanisation, have increased the demand for food and convinced changes in food habits, food purchasing, and consumption patterns (Noor MI, 2002). Food balance sheet data are useful to indicate trends of food intake pattern rather than consumption per se in the absence of nation-wide food consumption surveys. The intake pattern of calories increased from 2430 kcal person-1 day -1 in 1961 to 2990 kcal person-1 day-1 in 1997, protein from 49g person-1 day-1 to 61g person-1 day-1, and fat from 49g person-1 day-1 to 87g person-1 day-1 (Food and Agriculture Organization, (1961-1997)). The food balance sheet also revealed that, from 1961 to 1997, the amount of calories obtained from cereals decreased from 61% to 41%, meanwhile, calories from meat, eggs and fish increased from 6.2% to 14,3% sweeteners from 9.5% to 18%, and oils and fats from 11.% to 14.8% (Table2) Table2 Changes in sources of calories in Malaysia, 1961-1997 Year 1961-63 1970-72 1979-81 1988-90 1997 Cereals 61 57 48.6 40.0 41.0 Starchy roots 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.9 1.9 Vegetables fruits 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 Pulses 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Meat, fish, eggs 6.2 6.7 9.5 12.4 14.3 Milk, excluding butter 2.9 2.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 Sweeteners 9.5 12.4 12.4 13.2 18.0 Oils fats 11.4 12.4 17.1 21.0 14.8 Miscellaneous 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.4 Source : Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), (1961-1997). The Ministry of Agriculture reported that per capita consumption of major food commodities between the years 1985 and 2000 as shown in table 3. The trend learnt, where there is a shift towards an affluent diet that is high in energy-dense foods and rich in fats at the expense of complex carbohydrate foods, is consistent with the increased national wealth. The report also revealed a doubled increase in imported food from US$ 909 million in 1985 to US$ 2 billion in 1995. Food intake studies In the absence of nation-wide food consumption surveys, this report is able to highlight some selected studies which are conducted in the last several decades. A household food consumption survey in poverty villages reported a mean energy intake of 1874 kcal, of which 12% if the total energy was obtained from protein, 18% from fats and 70% from carbohydrates (Chong YH, Tee ES, Ng TKW, et al. 1984). A study by Chee SS, Ismail MN, Ng KK, et al.(1997). In poor villages, using 3-day food record, reported a similar mean energy intake of 1871 kcal with a difference in the constituents, 13% of the total energy from protein, 20% from fats and 67% from carbohydrates. Their study also expressed a significant difference in mean energy intakes of urban (1718 kcal) and rural woman (1711 kcal) were similar, fat contributed 30% of the total calories in the urban subjects compared with 29% in the rural counterparts. An examination of the fat composition of the Malaysian urban populations diet by che mical analysis, using a 7-day rotation menu, revealed that the diet provided 2300 kcal obtained from 66g of total fat ( 51g of vegetable fats and 15g of animal fats), 36g of protein and 360g of carbohydrates (Tony NKW, 1995) Table 3 Per capita consumption (kg year-1) of major food commodities, 1985-2000 Year Item 1985 1990 1995 2000 Crops Rice 102.2 89.8 86.9 85.7 Vegetables 42.4 45.4 48.5 52.0 Fruits 39.7 44.3 49.9 53.5 Livestock Beef 2.4 3.2 4.3 5.3 Mutton 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 Poultry 14.6 19.0 30.0 35.3 Pork 10.1 12.0 13.2 8.1 Eggs 11.4 15.7 16.4 16.8 Milk* 37.2 37.7 51.5 53.0 Foodfish 33.4 34.8 39.1 49.0 Food imports (US$ million) 909 1205 2017 NA *Milk per capita consumption in litres per year. NA not available. Source : Ministry of Agriculture. (1999)

Student Uniforms :: essays research papers

Students are always complaining about the dress codes at their school, and totally rejecting the idea of school uniforms, but I feel there are many benefits to this proposal. These days everyone is so concerned about being attractive and popular that they forget the real reason for going to school. The increase in academic performance and school spirit, along with the decrease in violence, is more important than looking cool for your friends. South Carolina school systems have the lowest test scores in the nation. Our students are not daft; they just do not consider schoolwork a top priority. With uniforms for every student, there would be less focus on fashion and more emphasis on education. Our report cards would be posted on the refrigerators for everyone to see, rather than stuffing them in the bottom of our backpacks. The students would be rewarded for their efforts, therefore their self esteem would also rise. Teen violence has reached its peak in our schools. Last year, numerous killings took place at schools around the country, largely due to taunting amongst the students. Uniforms would prohibit the wearing of chains, large pockets for hiding weapons, and gang colors worn to incite fights. Less students would be teased for their attire, and sexual harassment caused by provocative clothing would come to an end. Our schools would provide a more secure environment in which we all could learn. School spirit in South Carolina is extremely lacking, and it shows. Our athletic teams have very limited support, and it affects their performance greatly. A student could be missing on a field trip, and they would not be located for hours because they simply â€Å"blended† with the crowds from other schools. If we were obligated to wear uniforms, we would be more recognizable in public surroundings, and our sense of school pride would blossom. To quote Henry David Thoreau, â€Å"take the earth at your feet, and paint your house that color.† School spirit should shine eminently in all students’ lives; not fizzle out like a dampened fuse. Many students argue about the restrictions on their personal freedom. They do not realize that they could still select their own trendy accessories, and they can wear whatever they desire at home and on the weekends.

Children And Exercise Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In our society today one of the most difficult problems we are facing is the large numbers of obesity in our children. One of the major factors in that is this; our children have become less physically active. At an early age children start watching TV, learn how to operate a computer, and play video games. Having technological skills is now a necessity in all of our lives because everything has turned â€Å"computerized,† but the fact is that our children are relying on these types of entertainment rather than getting up and physically exercising to entertain them selves. This directly affects the large number of obese children in our country today because of the lack of physical exercise. It is not that we want our kids to look a certain way or to be better at sports than everyone else, but it is that we want our kids to be physically fit and to develop a healthy lifestyle. Physical exercise is not only for adults, it is for children as well, so we must understand the importance of our children exercising and the benefits from it. By doing that it will make an impact on that child for the rest of his/her life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reason we should be hesitant to allow our children to watch TV or play video games is that once a child does that, then he/she starts to enjoy it and wants to do it more and more. It becomes an event that they look forward to doing. Whether it is anxiously waiting on a certain TV show to come on, or hurrying in the house to get to their favorite video game. Children have become obsessed with these types of entertainment and have completely forgot about physical activities. Children do not look forward to getting some friends over to play football in the backyard as much anymore. They look forward to getting friends over to go inside and play a video game while eating chips and drinking cokes. Not only are they eating wrong foods, but also they are cutting out the physical activities to burn those calories off. Granted children should have restrictions on the types of food they eat, I am not taking anything away from that fact. But if a child is at least exerci sing then he/she will burn off a lot of those calories consumed in those unhealthy foods. So one question to ask is this; why are children becoming more dependent on technology rather than physical activity?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  &nbs... ...verything you and your child need to know about   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  sports, Physical activity, and good health - a doctor’s guide for parents an coaches.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York: Newmarket Press. Kalish, Susan. (1996). Your Child’s Fitness: Practical advice for parents. Champaigne:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Human Kinetics. Hinson, Curt. (1995). Fitness for Children. Champaign: Human Kinetics. Gabbard, C., LeBlanc, B., & Lowy, S. (1994). Physical Education for Children: Building   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the Foundation, 2nd edition. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, inc. American Heart Association. Exercise (Physical Activity) and Children. April 4th, 2005   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  < http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4596 > Diagnose-Me. Problems associated with lack of exercise. March 27th, 2005. April 4th, 2005. < http://www.diagnose-me.com/cond/C380381.html >. IDEA Fitness Journal. Exercise Decreases Risk of Depression in Kids. October 2004. April   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4th, 2005. < http://pdfserve.galegroup.com/pdfserve/get_item/1/Scdbf1ew6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  _1/SB806_01.pdf >.

Diabetes Mellitus :: essays research papers fc

Diabetes mellitus has a long historical record dating back to second century AD. The word "diabetes" was first used by the Greek physician Aretaeus. The word diabetes means "siphon". It was first used to describe patients with excessive thirst and urination. In the 17th century, the word mellitus, meaning "like honey", was added when diabetes patients' urine was noticed to be sweet. However, the disease is not directly related to urine, but instead to the pancreas. Today many other symptons and complications of the disease are known. Although, the disease has many complications there are also simple treatments to follow to avoid serious problems. Diabetes is a familiar health problem that affects millions of people world wide. Diabetes results from the failure of the pancreas to produce a sufficient amount of insulin. Insulin is the hormone that regulates the body's use of glucose. Therefore, the excess gluce remains in the bloodstream and passes out the body in urine. In some cases, the pancreas produces a sufficient amount of insulin, but the insulin is blocked from the body's cells and cannot be used. This causes diabetes patients to have abnormally high amounts of sugar in their blood and urine. Diagnosing a patient with diabetes is more complicated than measuring the glucose level of urine only one time. Instead the diagnosis involves several hours of glucose-tolerance tests. These tests measure the rate in which sugar is removed from the bloodstream. After the test are complete, a high glucose level indicates insufficient insulin and the patient is diagnosed with diabetes. There are several symptoms and complications involved with diabetes mellitus. The symptoms are excessive thirst and urination, unusual hunger, a lot of weight loss, and fatigue. The complications are heart attack and stroke, chronic kidney disease, lower-extremity amputations, blindness, and death. Arteriosclerosis is a condition caused by prolonged high levels of blood sugar that causes the walls of small blood vessels to thicken. This condition results in heart disease and stroke. Kidney failure may be caused by inadequate blood circulation. Poor circulation in the legs leads to gangrene which may require amputation of the toes or the legs. New cases of blindness in adults between the ages of 20 and 74 are caused by diabetic retinopathy. This condition causes hemorrhages in the capillaries of the eye's retina resulting in a loss of vision. Pain or a loss of feeling in the arms or the legs is caused by neurophathy which damages the nerves.

King’s major course of action Essay

King’s major course of action throughout all of his work was nonviolence, and he was awarded The Nobel Peace Prize for his work. The war itself was a betrayal of America’s moral obligation, heightened by media portrayals of what is just for our nation. King expressed that our spirit continues to diminish as we diminish humanity across the world. His motive was for our populace to stop thinking in terms of our nations as a singular body, but to think of our nation as a model â€Å"that embraces the brotherhood of man† (King, 1967). He required Americans to see the Vietnamese as our brothers and sisters and gave insight on the experience of the Vietnamese as people not enemies. King spoke of our complete funding handed to the French so they may advance in control of these people. â€Å"He proclaimed that America is a victim of Western arrogance for rejecting the revolutionary government seeking self determination in Vietnam† (Spence, 2009). King told us their story of devastation. He described our destruction of their resources. War efforts contributed to the loss of crops, tainted water supplies, and the demoralized the Vietnamese people in their efforts for survival during a time of great suffering (Spence, 2009). King made it clear that the destruction of the Vietnamese culture was intertwined with the destruction of our own culture. He proclaimed that our troops were sent on a false precedence that only furthered agendas of our nations wealthy. Their agenda led our oppressed solders to death as they killed those oppressed in Vietnam. The propaganda in acquiring a watch dog status in the eyes of other nations mocked our pursuit. Our leaders could not articulate our purpose for being in Vietnam. A Great Buddhist leader commented that America was no longer revolutionary and democratic but the image of violence and militarism (Spence, 2009). For over 5,000 years we have built empires and maintained a rich get richer mentality. We have seen those with wealth as models to obtain our own successes. We have left those who have needed aid the most behind to further our own successes. We have only risen to occasion of hope when we reap the highest benefits. The United States is trapped in an Imperial  Consciousness: those not for our agenda are against our agenda. This way of thinking is dangerous and leads to Moral Autism. †Imperial Consciousness may have the social intelligence to recognize it is easiest to steal from those who trust you, but lack the moral capacity to recognize that to do so constitutes a wrong in itself and destroys the fabric of trust essential to healthy social relationships† (Korten, 2006). Beyond Vietnam lays the ground work for this school of thought not in a way that we should adopt it, but the urgency to abandon it. King’s speech captures the momentum needed for our nation to mature. King sought for our nation’s people to be true examples of revolutionaries. He demanded we abolish thoughts that privilege is earned and realize it is inherent. He asked we believe in people most disadvantaged and stop tucking them under our nation’s blanket of shame. The inherent shame is our own complacency in these matters and our brain washed minds that comply with the thinking that we do not matter or have the capacity to understand the complexity of decisions made by our own power structures. It can be said that King’s message was to end the war, and it was. He projected ending the war was essential and gave a list on how.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"End to all bombing in Vietnam; unilateral cease fire; prevention of battle grounds in Southeast Asia; recognition of the National Liberation Front; a set date from removal of all foreign forces from Vietnam in accordance with the 1954 Geneva Convention; granting of asylum to Vietnamese suffering persecution; and the payment of reparations for harm done† (Spence, 2006). He also described what could be done at home, stating we should continue to protest and stay active within our churches. While his message was to end the war, it was a stepping stone in the right direction for our nation’s obligation, honor and integrity. Layer by layer embedded in his speech King ask Americans to make a worthy change. As our nation evolves and advances in wealth, industry, technology, the market and free trade with other nations we remain stagnant  in social and cultural advances. We have lost sight in the power of our people and all people. We have without question remained faithful children of our empirical society only to watch our brothers and sisters fall, and when they fall we march to the guise that it is somehow their fault and their fault alone. We continually fault each in our race to the top. King’s message is not a memo to the individual but a mass informant. We must change our institutions and how they support us. We must stop looking at our nonprofit organizations as less worthy because they are stated as not making a profit in our capitalist society. We must stop losing sight of our causes to obtain grant monies that slightly sway our causes. We must advance people in areas of expertise that are directly connected to the people in which they service. We must put check marks on markets and free trade. We must care about the woman in the third world nation that makes our clothes or computer parts. We must demand that people are our highest commodity and put above a precedent of all things material. We must look at all people as our people. Beyond Vietnam is a speech that should be resurfaced again and again. Martin Luther King’s words take you to the past and reflect the present in a way that sends chills through your soul, and if you’re a person of any feeling and some intellect, it will heighten your very being. Be prepared for a journey before you engage, for such insight can cause anger, regret, and shame. Do not cling to these emotions. MLK has given each and everyone exposed to his message, a gift. He presents us with precision hidden by our meticulously wrapped ideology. One would think as a nation we would share his plea for humanity, instead we rewrap adding layer upon layer. We bury his endowment only to become systematic. Together we are robotic, uniformed servants of the power elite.

The Golden Age

Many parents and lawmakers argue that enforcing a law against physical discipline such as spanking would be much too difficult to enforce. It would essentially be placing police in everyone's living rooms as they would need to investigate all cases of spanking, no matter how minor. Police officers already have their hands full dealing with adults who beat, torture, and severely abuse their children. (spanking should not be illegal) Parents are not stupid, they know the difference between abuse nd spanking and can safely punish their child without falling into the classification of child abuse.This is a valid argument, law enforcement really couldn't investigate every claim of corporal punishment. However by making spanking illegal it would be easier to get help to children who are abused. Most of the time spanking isn't severe enough to cause harm to the child. But in some cases where the parent is under a lot of stress or under the influence of drugs or alcohol spanking can and does cause harm to the child, not Just physically but emotionally as well.By making it illegal it gives law enforcement the opportunity to uncover cases of real abuse when before they couldn't investigate because it was Just spanking. Not knowing to what degree of force is being used against the child. Many parents and lawmakers argue that enforcing a law against physical discipline such as spanking would be much too difficult to enforce. It would essentially be placing police in everyone's living rooms as they would need to investigate all cases of spanking, no matter how minor.Police officers already have their hands full dealing with adults who beat, torture, and severely abuse their children. (spanking should not be illegal) Parents are not stupid, they know the difference between abuse and spanking and can safely punish their child without falling into the classification of child abuse. This is a valid argument, law enforcement really couldn't investigate every claim of corporal pu nishment. However by making spanking illegal it would be easier to get help to children who are bused.Most of the time spanking isn't severe enough to cause harm to the child. But in some cases where the parent is under a lot of stress or under the influence of drugs or alcohol spanking can and does cause harm to the child, not Just physically but emotionally as well. By making it illegal it gives law enforcement the opportunity to uncover cases of real abuse when before they couldn't investigate because it was just spanking. Not knowing to what degree of force is being used against the child. stress or under the intluence ot drugs or alcohol spanking can and does cause abused. Most ot the time spanking isn't severe enough to cause harm to the child every claim ot corporal punishment. However by making spanking illegal it would be child without talling into the classification ot chil d abuse. This is a valid argument, should not be illegal) Parents are not stupid, they know the ditt erence between abuse officers already nave their hands tull dealing witn adults who beat, torture, and force is being used against the child.

Psychology textbook Essay

I didn’t know that psychology actually had a goal until I read the introduction to Psychology textbook. I am learning a lot of new things on this subject. For instance science of psychology has four main goals and they are as listed, described, predict, understand, and mental process and influence behavior. In my own words here they are. Describing: collecting information from the population by certain targeted people. The prediction goal is self explanatory it’s mostly meant for making assumption or predictions of what will become of your study before you actually know what will happen. The third goal of psychology is Understand, in this area you never really know when the information that you learn will change the next day or even within the next year. Psychology is a continuously growing field and the information that is gathered is only considered as theories and always changes, sometimes without knowledge or notice. Lets move on to influences which in my opinion one of the most used in everyday life . for instance a toddler is encourage to learn how to walk and talk. And a teenager can be pressured into doing things and making choices that they wouldn’t originally have made without the influence from their peers. Influencing people can be good too. For instance you can be influenced by coworkers and supervisors to take an open position that they feel you would get with no problem. Another example is to get the influence to do better than you are currently doing whether it be work, school, or making a better relationship with you family. The Biology and behavior was hard for me to decide what section to write about because there were so many to choose from. I didn’t want to be wrong about this section so I decided to pick the part that stood out the most to me. I am going talk about the Nervous System. It’s a really important part of the body because it helps you maintain consciousness and your behavior. The nervous system has billions of neurons. They are too, a very important part in the body because they do things such as sending messages from one end to the other end of the neuron. They are also called wires. To show why the nervous system is a really important part of the body, I will use the wires in a radio for an example. The wires in the radio are the main connection for it to provide power to send to the wires that go throughout the radio in order to hear the sound and in for it to recognize what needs to be done when certain buttons are pressed. Without the power cord the radio would really have no use. When the power cord is plugged into a power outlet the power cord provides the ability for the radio to produce sound from the speakers. It enables the buttons to work properly so that you can press the play button on the radio and hear the tracks on a CD. The wires also give you the ability to actually hear the music that comes out of the speakers. The next topics I will mention are sensation and perception. First I will mention what sensation is, it allows your brain to connect with the outer part of your body and transfer it to the inside of your body to your brain. For example, touching things with different temperature let’s say you touch or hold ice. If you hold it the ice long enough you may begin to feel a numbing sensation and you may start getting cold or experiencing the chills or goose bumps. Another example would be touching something hot. Due to the high degrees in the object you may experience pain or even have burn marks on your skin. Now lets move on to Perception which n my words mean, getting information and making images of them. There are a few different types of perception for instance â€Å"constancy† this also has different types. But for now we will use size constancy. When you look at the very same object from different angles and distances, it may appear smaller or bigger than it really is. Picture looking at a large building out of a window on an airplane before it takes off of the ground and try watching it until you get in the sky. It will appear to be much smaller than it did when you were viewing it at a closer distance but you know the actual building didn’t get smaller, it was the distance that you were viewing it at that made it look a different size. We all must know that perception is just about the same in everyone and that’s the reason we are able to communicate with each other.

Procter and Gamble Europe Essay

I. Introduction Since the end of World War II, business organizations in the United States are becoming closer together with businesses in the European region. There are several reasons of this business behavior. First is the geographical location. Geographically speaking, Europe is the next logical step for foreign expansion after the North American continent has been fully explored. Second is the cultural and technological situation in Europe. Reports indicated that some nations in Europe has became more Americanized in technology and more importantly, culture (Hilger, 2006). Procter and Gamble, one of the most acknowledged companies in the United States have also had a significant presence in the European market today, particularly in Germany. In this paper, we will discuss Procter and Gamble’s decision to expand their business into the European continent and how the decision relates to Procter and Gamble’s corporate strategy. II. P & G Corporate Culture In the company’s annual report and reports from external observers, there are actually various traits in Procter and Gamble’s operations that define their uniqueness in the global market. However, some of those corporate cultures are more in line with the European expansion strategy, compare to the others. Some of them are:  · Diversity In the company’s official website, it is mentioned that people at Procter and Gamble are united by the commonality and of corporate values and goals. Diversity is considered as the uniqueness of each of them that will help fulfilling corporate goals. The company has a human resource system that is designed to ensure that everything works for everyone and as the company became more diverse, the company encourage collaboration even more and stresses the importance of fully utilize individualities of people at Procter and Gamble. This culture should work well to support Procter and Gamble’s decisions to perform international expansion.  · Innovation The group also relies heavily on its capability to innovate and create new things from merely ideas. The group applies about a dozen core technologies to amplify this particular competitive advantage. Furthermore, the group has connected its internal innovation capability to vast external network of scientists, technology problem solvers and corporate inventors. Procter and Gamble treat innovation as a process that can be refined continuously to produce more robust and reliable results. This particular capability to inn ovate has also been a contributive factor to Procter and Gamble’s decision to expand abroad. By tapping into this capability, the company can adapt to local environments and create new and innovative products.  · Market Leadership Spokesperson of the company has once said in the middle of a launching campaign that Procter and Gamble put forth many competitive advantages like consumer oriented strategy and innovation, but most importantly, the company also stresses heavily on market leadership. In its annual report, it is repeatedly stated that the company is designed to win in various aspects of the global business competition. The company spends huge percentages of their earnings each financial period on marketing campaigns because they believe in being a winner in every market they get themselves into. Analysts believed that this value also makes it more appealing for Procter and Gamble to expand their business into Europe, especially after the war was over and created a more positive atmosphere for international expansions.  · Focus on Growth Procter and Gamble also stated in its annual report that the company as a whole, is designed for growth. In other words, corporate management is always looking for growth opportunity whether internally or externally. Thus, a chance to develop business into a new market will obviously be perceived as another way to secure growth. III. Strategy by P&G III.1.  Ã‚   Human Resource Management Investments Despite the cultures of the company that supported corporate expansion into Europe, the group must still adapt to the changes between American business culture and European. One of the greatest changes in Procter and Gamble is within the human resource department. As the company entered the new market, management has formed a project team to compare between the current employee services and the expectations of Procter and Gamble. In the case of Europe expansion, Procter and Gamble has also developed a strategic alliance with IBM and transferred this value into corporate competitive advantage.   Procter and Gamble also uses their HR account managers to organized how the business is performed within the company. Across the whole Europe, management have organized the HR business accounts to mirror the way the business is organized, and the HR account manager is responsible for ensuring that the team delivers business results in a way that generates growth. Overall, Procter and Gamble has made huge investments in its Europe HP structure, but the new model has now become a significant source of operational and strategic competitive advantages within the continent (Mandiese, 2006). III.2.  Ã‚   Communication strategy changes Along with the European expansion, Procter and Gamble has also invested heavily in changing its information technology. One of the changes Procter and Gamble has made is shifting from media planning to communication planning. This was as much as an industry effort as it is an internal initiative. Procter and Gamble might not be the only company embracing the consumer-centric approach to the media, but Procter and Gamble did it in quite a high-profile fashion that the marketing world surrounding the company must pay attention to the new philosophy. The company maintained a consistent focus on media creativity and also pushed to develop a broadband video upfront marketplace. IV. The Vizir Launch (no data†¦) V. Change Management Model The change management model that can be suggested to Procter and Gamble is the three step change model. This change model basically contains three steps, which are: unfreezing, moving and re-freezing. These steps however, can be modified according to the extent of change that must be performed. For small projects, companies generally go for the light model. The Medium-Sized Model on the other hand is created for the majority of project. For complicated projects, people generally use the Complex Model. When the element of time is crucial, then the suitable modification is the quick model. The last variation is the one designed for a slow type of change, which is the Day-by-day model (Baekdal, 2006). For Procter and Gamble on the other hand, which contains various products for various customer segment, the Complex model is the most suitable. In the Complex model, the unfreezing step contains phases like: analyzing the problem to understand what is really going on and the reason of it, and then understanding the cost and benefits of a change. Afterwards, the company should explain the situation to members of the company and listen to their comments. The next phase includes invalidating the present rules and policies and defines new visions, new goals and finally generate a plan. The move step in the Complex model includes explaining the logics of the new vision, mission and goals and getting everyone on board. Afterwards, the team should listen to everyone’s comment, evaluate the plan and adjust the plan based on the feedbacks. In the re-freezing step, management should define new rules and policies and define the new way of living for the company. This step includes constantly renewing the energy and evaluating the results (Baekdal, 2006).

Quantitative Article Critique-Nursing leadership style and Research Paper

Quantitative Article Critique-Nursing leadership style and psychosocial work environment - Research Paper Example They had indicated that the in terms of leadership, they study sought to find out the extent to which transformational leadership and job satisfaction have a positive relationship. Besides, they sought to find out exactly how leadership style and psychological work environment since there are few studies that lend support to any positive relationship between the two. In order to conduct the study successfully, the purpose of the study was clearly stated in the declarative statement in the aims. For example, the study indicated that the purpose of the study was to obtain a leadership and work environment information for a particular group of leaders. It was also indicated as part of the purpose of the study that the information obtained was to be used by the department that set out to do research to develop a plan for leadership. After elaboration on the purpose of the study, the research had elaborated on the hypotheses to be tested. The study had adopted a non-directional hypothesis in which, for instance, they had stated that there is a significant relationship between transformational leadership components and psychosocial work environment. There were four hypotheses that the study sought to find out. In all the four, the authors had used adopted non-directional hypotheses. The study used a number of independent and dependent variables. The independent variables used in the study were leadership styles. Under leadership component analyzed included leadership style behavior of transformational leadership such as building trust, demonstrating integrity, inspiring others, encouraging others, and coaching. On the other hand, transactional leadership components that the study analyzed included rewarding achievements and monitoring mistakes. The last leadership style that the study analyzed as an independent variable was passive avoidance leadership. The independent variables that were used in the study included psychosocial work

Development of A HRM Strategic Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Development of A HRM Strategic Plan - Assignment Example The basic functions of HRD are attracting best candidates, reducing employee turnover, and to enhance the productivity of the employees (Taylor, 2005, p.1). It is a critical factor that contributes highly towards gaining a competitive advantage in the marketplace. One of the most important aspects of an HRM strategy is to determine the type of candidate required in the organization carry out organizational tasks. Also organizations arrange various kinds of programs for the purpose of satisfying their employees, and the responsibility for arranging it also falls in the shoulders of the human resource department. HRM strategy also plays a crucial role in the overall organizational culture. Furthermore training and development is also one of the most important functions of the Human resource department. In the context of the project a property management company has been chosen where the new HR strategy will be developed. The HR strategy will focus on the different aspects of managing the human resource of the organization. It will also emphasize on the recruitment strategies of some other organizations in order to formulate a competitive strategy. In order formulate a sound HRM strategy of the organization and to add more value to it, the HRM strategy of 3 other companies have been analyzed. However the names of the companies have not been disclosed due to some privacy policies. In order to get insights about the strategies of the chosen companies an interview session was held. The sample questions that were asked to the HR managers of those companies are follows:- Regarding leave policy there are a small differences among the chosen companies. Company A allows 28 leaves in a calendar year, company B allows 25 leaves while Company C allows 30 leaves in a calendar year. Also these companies allow special leave on

Corporate Culture and Identity Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate Culture and Identity - Case Study Example Moreover, this discourse would assist in comprehending to the requirement of an effectual corporate culture and corporate identity in order to sustain in a market with immense competition. Analyses have found that the workplace mores and cultures developed by a company are considerably associated with its overall presentation or performance. On the contrary, the behavior of this relationship facilitates significant assistance to the pattern of systems and procedures so as to improve the organizational performance. Nevertheless, the previous verdicts from an appraisal of the current literatures are approximately founded on companies established in the Western battle-field, thereby, sending-off open the argument of whether they also would tend to implement to a non-Western framework. Further to it, preceding studies have not precisely analyzed the existence as well as behavior of the corporate culture presentation affiliation in the hospitality division. Yet, current exploratory analyses point out that totally, the tool or instrument brought in to use by international firms and others so as to measure corporate culture and corporate identity can discriminate between hig her and lower performing hotels. Various relationships have been originated to be important in the settings which aren't as significant. Hence, we will discuss the implications of these findings for management with regards to the Hotel-Restaurant Erbprinz. As we have already discussed the hypothetical as well as social interpretation of corporate culture, we can construe to the fact that the culture of Hotel Erbprinz delineates classic mores of approximately 200 years. The historical flair and luxurious ambience is pleasing for every individual and group which, on in addition, is essential for the leader aspiring to show ways to others. In accordance with the Three Levels of Culture described by Schein, hotel Erbprinz contributes to efficacious illustration of what organizational culture is. Hotel Erbprinz practices all the adopted values which last until today. Its competent staff constantly experiences the restrained ambience to carry the hospitality which has been accomplished at the hotel for over a couple of centuries of its business. The values of Hotel Erbprinz are the core of culture which are illustrated by the basic suppositions, and are hard to discriminate. The hotel's basic suppositions form thoughtful width of human survi val such as their relationships and activities. The corporate culture of Hotel Erbprinz is created in a natural way because it keeps its customers approaching collaboratively with a common and shared cause, and as a result, a successful culture is shaped. We can, thus, comprehend to the fact that, no matter whatever a customer opts for in their stay, gracious vicinity will escort them at the Hotel. Every

The application of balanced scorecard in the performance evaluation of Essay

The application of balanced scorecard in the performance evaluation of higher education - Essay Example In the case of non-proï ¬ t organizations, the BSC lays huge emphasis on customer satisfaction and therefore a priority is given in all matters regarding to customer services. in organizations where a financial crisis is a daily affair, their BSC prioritized financial perspective. Focusing on different prioritization perspective of BSC, organizations have an opportunity to allocate resources appropriately with minimal wastage or fraud. The study case has also provided a platform for non-profit organizations to measure how they perform. In this, performance measure indicators (PMIs)are applied as indicators of efficiency. Again, different definition of PMIs can be adopted to fit the objectives of the business. In case of institutions of higher learning, â€Å"student/staff ratio† and â€Å"Ph.D ratio† PMIs are appropriate. For manufacturing concern, â€Å"customer satisfaction† is applicable while â€Å"service delivery† PMIs works with non-proï ¬ t org anization. Though implementation of the BSC has not been effected in Taiwan and other developing countries, America and Europe are already reaping its benefits. BSC is yet to gain momentum and relevant in third world countries. However, this study has clearly demonstrated that BSC can be instrumental in delivering positive changes in strategic and performance management in higher learning institutions. Furthermore, the study has recommended that senior management and supervisors must fully support the implementation of system managing tools, otherwise they are destined to failure. In conclusion, institutions should me motivated by their vision and mission so that they are run like any other business where efficiency is highly

Latino Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Latino Studies - Essay Example Keeping in mind of the extensive and porous border that the United States shares with Mexico, many people in the United States worried that, the violence in Mexico could extend to their country. Furthermore, Mexico, being the second biggest state in Latin America, it constitutes the largest portion of the total number of immigrants into the United States. Therefore, at first, the matter of child immigration in the eyes of the people was a Mexican issue (BBC 3). However, child migration from Honduras as well as from the other Central American nations has become a great matter of concern as the then small problem grew steadily to become a critical humanitarian condition according to President Barrack Obama. Soon after, all the discussions regarding immigration in the United States turned on to child migration into the U.S-Mexico border. The matter prompted president Obama to request for additional funds from the members of Congress to help mitigate the problem (BBC 5). There is a lot of controversy regarding the exact reasons that led to this rapid increase in child migration who mostly come from Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala. Some people in Central America hold the false belief that children who make their way to the United States enjoy great autonomy in their lives. Many president Barrack Obama critics indict him for escalating the problem through his careless enforcement of the immigration laws of the United States (Hing para.5). Different leaders and influential people in the United States started expressing their opinions on the best ways of solving the problem. Hillary Clinton asked the Obama government to clearly, inform the Central American people that migrants of all age including children will have their way back to their respective countries. Biden, the vice president, with instructions from the government went to Guatemala to meet the Central American leaders and pass the message. With this step,

Operations Management (please refer to uploaded file) Essay

Operations Management (please refer to uploaded file) - Essay Example On the other hand, a service supply chain deals with the intangibles due to which little physical inputs are required. Even the number of suppliers in a service-based supply chains are limited to an extent. Raw materials required by the internet service providers are limited to only offices and servers. The costs incurred by the service supply chain are less as compared to the product supply chain (Veronneau and Roy, 2009). Logistics is essential in product-base supply chain as the manufacturing industry highly depends on the transportation of physical goods from one destination to another. If the raw materials are not transferred from one place to another, the supply chain will be broken which halts the operations of the company and the company is forced to use different modes of transportation; land, sea or air. Furthermore, the cost of logistics is quite high depending on the size and weight of the raw material that is being moved (Min and Zhou, 2002). On the other hand, for a service industry logistics is irrelevant as the industry directly deals with the intangibles. The cost incurred by the product-based industry for logistics are utilised by the service-based industry for upgrading servers and for maintenance (Veronneau and Roy, 2009). This upgrade and maintenance allows enhancement in the speed and communication between the clients and the internet service providers. In a traditional product-based supply chain, finished goods are those products that have been completely transformed from raw material to products that are ready to be sold (Simatupang and Sidharan, 2002). For Coca Cola Company, a finished good represents a chilled bottle of coke ready to be served to the customers to meet their demand. In a service industry, a finished good represents quality service to the clients. This means that the customer should be satisfied with the internet

Popular Culture (Paraphrase) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Popular Culture (Paraphrase) - Essay Example Myths can be generally categorized dualistically: myths of history, which represent the accumulated knowledge and superstition of generations and tend to be from more ancient cultures, and myths of example, which speculate about the future and are usually more recent. The first of these is intended to teach certain behaviors, the second to encourage, reassure, or warn. This essay will analyze the modern oral tradition of the American dream, expressed through drama and pop culture, to discern its status as 'myth' and show some responses to it. The ‘American dream’ is the somewhat fanciful idea that in the US (and only in the US) a person can achieve wealth and success through hard work, regardless of their other qualities. It suggests that the US socio-economic system is scrupulously fair and completely devoid of corruption or favoritism, and (more disturbingly) that those who do not succeed are personally to blame for their failures. It comes across as a little dated to the cynics of the twenty-first century, and it is true that the dream was not as solid as it may have seemed to its contemporaries. The playwright Arthur Miller recognized this, and made it the topic of his 1949 play Death of a Salesman. Willy Loman, the protagonist of Death of a Salesman, is one of the victims of the American dream.

Movie 'Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967)' review about race

'Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967)' about race according to reading 'In Characters - Movie Review Example The following movie is wonderfully and benevolently an entertaining film. Its production is much in the way of arena drawing humor that seems to involve something more severe and difficult than it really looks. Racism becomes the center problem in the movie. In this relation, Jackson’s article reveals that blacks face a higher percentage of racism in the movie production sphere. Basing on the movie, the marriage between the black man and white miss does not go through because of social bias and race. Thus, the article tries to uphold the concept of racism in Hollywood. In relation to acts of the movie, the theme of racism reflects in different situations. Firstly is the determination of white apprehension about race in the current universal privileges period. Moreover, accepted customs hardly ever challenged the people who had run away from thorough media analysis earlier kept for the whites. In rare instances, the movie tries to analyze prejudice around the south. Thus, the result is cautious and straightforward. In this relation, a problem notable in this movie bases on Spenser Stacy and Katherine Hepburn who viewed themselves as very influential and successful white people. Their moment busts when their daughter came in with a black boyfriend. They became disappointed due to the spirit of racism in them (Hamilton137). Basing on the article, people who have been in supremacy for a very long era were the whites. They tended to employ other white in supporting them. In addition, when they saw a chronicle, people involved were white men or particular kinds of their women. However, as several generations come into place different looks come into play. Thus, this integrates all actors around the globe to the movie industry. Basing on above, understanding of racism becomes clear. In relation, the movie is all about the whites and only a few blacks like the black fiancà © emerge. Basing on the

Mechanical Splice of Fiber Optic Cable Essay Example for Free

Mechanical Splice of Fiber Optic Cable Essay To prepare for mechanical splicing, make sure you have a clean, dry, and well lit work area. Do all your work over a fiber- optic mat and place any scrap optical fibers in their proper container. Before you begin splicing the fiber you want to make sure you have the following tools ready; Mechanical splice assembly tool, mechanical splice, buffer and coating removal tool, optical fiber cleaning fluid, lint- free wipes, and a cleaver. Once you have all your materials together proceed with the following steps: 1. Remove the mechanical splice from its protective packaging and load the splice into the assembly tool by pressing firmly at the ends of the splice. Do not depress the raised section on the mechanical splice. 2. Strip approximately 3cm of buffer and/ or coating from the optical fiber using a stripper. 3. Clean the optical fiber by pulling the fiber through a lint- free wipe soaked in optical fiber cleaning fluid. 4. Place the optical fiber in the cleaver, to the length specified by the mechanical splice manufacturer. 5. Cleave the optical fiber. 6. If the gauge is provided, check the cleave length with the gauge. 7. Repeat steps 2 through 6 for the other fiber end to be spliced. 8. Push the other cleaved optical fiber into the other end of the mechanical splice until it stops moving. 10. Place both optical fibers in the clamping mechanisms on the opposite sides of the splicing tool, forming a modified loop in the optical fiber. 11. Pivot the splicing tool handle down until it contact s the top of the splice, then squeeze the tool handle to complete the assembly and lock the spliced ends in place. 12. Remove the optical fibers from the clamping mechanism and lift the mechanical splice from the tool.

Narrative In The Sixth Sense Film Studies Essay

Narrative In The Sixth Sense Film Studies Essay A films narrative is quite a vital element to any film, without a good narrative we are left with a jumbled piece of film that does not adhere to a plausible chain of events, leaving us the viewer with no sense of the writer or directors intention. Our initial narrative expectations before we view this film clip ( 06:35 11:35) would have been limited at the time of the films release. The reason for this is that the film The Sixth Sense (1998) was the Writer/Director M.Night.Shyalamans first real major mainstream film. However being just over ten years since it was released, we are now more familiar with his narrative style, for example we are more aware that there is going to be some kind of plot twist in a thrilling/ supernatural or even mild horror format. Also for this particular film clip the previews give us a clear indication that the film is a supernatural thriller, from the hushed tone of voice to the cold beats between dialogue, that lead us up the path of conclusion. This particular five minute sequence begins with the protagonist (Malcolm) and his wife entering their bedroom, slightly intoxicated having just celebrated together, setting up a feeling of safety and security that most associate with retiring to the bedroom. This feeling is instantly subdued by the directors decision to input the sound of the phone beeping, having been knocked off its receiver it gives us a real sense of emergency that helps the viewer to relate to the situation immediately. Having now set the situation that leads to Malcolm being shot, and unknowingly to the viewer, killed. Shyalaman has created a catalyst for the films progression, although unlike a typical detective films narrative such as Sherlock Holmes, which tend to be more omniscient, we are not aware of the true facts that are occurring, so we are unable to begin piecing the plot together. Thus unusually we do not realise just how pivotal this five minute scene is at the time. With most other films we are i nvited to piece together clues slowly until we discover the truth, normally around the same time as the protagonist, Bordwell and Thompson note: We make sense of narrative, then, by identifying its events and linking them by cause and effect, time, and space. As viewers, we do other things as well. We often infer events that are not explicitly presented, and we recognize the presence of material that is extraneous to the story world. In order to describe how we manage to do these things, we can draw distinction between story and plot. (Bordwell Thompson, Pg 80). This I feel is a well organised, intentional event that the director chose to do, increasing the impact of the affect at the end of the film (even if Shyalaman later admitted that Malcolm actually being dead, was not added until the fifth draft of the films script). The only information we are privy to as a viewer in this clip, is the story duration which takes us back ten years to 1989, it is the events from the protagonists past that have a major connection with what is happening in the present and it is this story progression that we actually see, although the plot point itself is disguised as a fade to black into the next scene, revealing that Malcolm is seemingly alive and well with the written legend Next Fall, South Philadelphia. But Secretly the narrative has changed, the character that has acted as an agent and made this change possible is Vincent Gray, it is his emotional issues related to his childhood that connected him with Malcolm that ultimately leads to the event that takes place, subsequently altering the potential path of the protagonist. The spacing of such events are well defined, as in such a short amount of screen time we are exposed to the the back story dating back ten years, gradually building the story until we reach the plot point at the end of the clip. Finally establishing the mood of the film and creating its supernatural tone, which typically of Shyalamans style, frequently tends to have Philadelphia as its backdrop which creates a cold and creepy diagesis, or it could just be he was raised in Philadelphia, either way it works. We also feel as though we are witnessing the events from Malcolms point of view, even though there are only a couple of shots from his angle. This could be because when we are not seeing what he is seeing, we are viewing his reaction to everything. Something I find very important to the story of any film, forming a certain type of bond with the character. Syd Field shares the importance of this in his book, Screenplay: The foundations of screen writing, When you think about it, underneath this skin of ours were really the same, you and I; certain things unite us. We share the same needs, the same wants, the same fears and insecurities; we want to be loved, have people like us, be successful, happy, and healthy. (Syd Field, pg 63). M.Night.Shyalaman establishes most of these things that unite us, in this five minute clip as such things a fear, stress, anger, disappointment and abandonment enter the script, we instantly gain a rapport with the main character. This is something I find with Shyalaman films, his style is not just the plot twist like he creates in this clip, but he subtly creates this bond between the protagonists of his films and the viewer, although having said that, the genius or salient technique of this film clip would have to be the way Shyalaman uses his narrative writing skills to disguise the twist throughout the film, Jennifer Van Stilj explains the comparison of Shyalamans genius with that of Sigmund Freud, Shyamalans script is a masterful dance between Freuds concepts of the conscious, that information the audience is aware of knowing; and the unconscious, that information it is unaware it knows. It is Shyamalans use of the unconsciousness, specifically that part that Freud termed the preconscious, which produces the psychological roller coaster ride we experience. (Van Stilj, Jennifer. www.writersstore.com). Such acclaim for Shyalamans clever use of narrative is quite widespread with many critics sharing this opinion, so much so, Shyalaman has now made his reputation in his field and created a narrative expectation for his audience that he did not have before. The most important role that narrative plays in this film and especially in this five minute clip is the creation of almost a second story line running along side the one we are viewing, Erlend Lavik puts it, We come to realize the presence of another fabula running parallel to the first one but beneath it, hidden from view. Once we become aware of it, though, everything in the syuzhet takes on new meaning. We are instantly compelled to return to the outset of the story and, based on our remembrance of the account given, try to follow the correct fabula this time, the one that was invisible to us at first, even though it was present all along. (Lavik,Erlend.p55-64). Therefore the importance of the this narrative technique makes the whole film what it is, without it we would have a simple yet entertaining supernatural thriller that would have otherwise caused less of a fanfare with critics. The web is full of reviews, blogs and even forums dedicated to this single, clever piece of nar rative writing that leaves us thinking and even scrutinising any possible flaw or opinion of the film, Shyalaman himself quotes, I think that even with The Sixth Sense from that first weekend, the films are not seen the way they are. They are seen through some aberration, some wavy glass. I can just hope that the glass gets clearer over time. (M.NIght.Shyalaman, TimesOnline). So as important as we may feel the narrative is in this or any film, the definitive thing is how we interpret what the creators have given us, what we feel was important may not of been the intention, instead we each have our own criteria of importance for what makes the film work.