Music of the Baroque Analysis Essay Example For Students

Music of the Baroque Analysis Essay Name two important visual artists (such as painters) and also two important writers of literature (such as poets) from the Baroque Period. Do not name musicians. (Visual Artists) Peter Paul Rueben Artemisia Gentiles / (Writers) John Fletcher and Francis Beaumont Write a paragraph about The Baroque Style. The baroque style was very well suited to the wishes of the aristocracy, who were enormously rich and powerful during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, also religious institutions powerfully shaped the baroque style. Churches used the emotional and theatrical qualities of art to make worship more attractive and appealing. The middle class too, influenced the development of the baroque style, for example prosperous merchants and doctors commissioned realistic landscapes and scenes from everyday life. Write a paragraph that includes the characteristics of Baroque music. A. Unity of mood Usually expresses one basic mood: what begins joyfully will remain Joyful throughout. Emotional states like Joy, grief, and agitation were represented. Composers molded a musical language to depict the affections; pacific rhythms or melodic patterns were associated with specific moods. B. Rhythm Rhythmic patterns heard at the beginning of a piece are repeated throughout it. This rhythmic continuity provides a compelling drive and energy-the forward motion is rarely interrupted. The beat, for example, is emphasized far more in baroque music than in most Renaissance music. C. Melody There is a continuous expanding, unfolding, and unwinding of melody. This sense of directed motion is frequently the result of a melodic sequence, that is, successive repetition of a musical dead at higher or lower pitches. Many baroque melodies sound elaborate and ornamental, and they are not easy to sing or remember. It gives an impression of dynamic expansion rather than of balance or symmetry.D. Dynamics The level of volume tends to stay fairly constant for a stretch of time. When the dynamics do shift, the shift is sudden, like physically stepping from one level to another. The main keyboard instruments of the baroque period were the organ and harpsichord, both well suited for continuity of dynamics.E. Texture It is predominantly polyphonic in suture. Usually, the soprano and bass lines are the most important. Not all-late baroque music was polyphonic, a piece might shift in texture, especially in vocal music, where changes of mood in the words demand musical contrast.F. Chords and the basso continuo Chords gave new prominence to the bass part, which served as the foundation of the harmony. The whole musical structure rested on the bass part. The new emphasis on chords and the bass part resulted in the most characteristic feature of baroque music, an accompaniment called the basso continuo. The basso continuo offered the advantage of emphasizing the all-important bass part, besides providing a steady flow of chords.G. Use of words in the music Baroque composers used music to depict the meaning of specific words. Rising scales represented upward motion; descending scales depicted the reverse. Descending chromatic scales were associated with pain and grief. Composers often emphasized words by writing many rapid notes for a single syllable of text; this technique also displayed a singers virtuosity. What was the role of music in Baroque society? It served as musical expression for brilliant composers, a source of entertainment for aristocrats, a way of life for musicians and a temporary escape from the routines of daily life for the general public. What was the goal of the group known as the Camera? The Camera wanted to create a new vocal style modeled on the music of ancient Greek tragedy. Since no actual dramatic music had come down to them from the Greeks, they based their theories on literacy accounts that had survived. The Camera wanted the vocal line to follow the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of beech. Write a detailed description of each of the following new forms in Baroque music:A. Concerto gross Extended composition for instrumental soloists and orchestra, usually in three movements: (1) Fast, (2) Slow, (3) Fast.B. Fugue Polyphonic composition based on one main theme or subject.C. Opera Drama that is sung to orchestral accompaniment, usually a large-scale composition employing vocal soloists, chorus, orchestra, costumes, and society.D. Solo concerto A piece for a single soloist and an orchestra.E. Baroque suite A group of dance, usually in the name key, with each piece in the binary form or the ternary form.F. Oratorio Large- scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra, usually set to a narrative text, but without acting, scenery, or costumes; often based on biblical stories.G. Sonata In baroque music, an instrumental composition in several movements for one to eight players. In music after the baroque period, an instrumental composition usually in several movements for one or two players.H. Church cantata Composition in several movements, usually written for chorus, one or more vocal soloists; and orchestra. The church cantata for the Lutheran service in Germany during the Baroque period often includes chorales. Write a complete definition for each of the following terms:A. Movement Piece that sounds fairly complete and independent but is part of a larger composition.B. Libretto Text of an opera written by the librettist (dramatists) and set to music by the composer.C. Aria -Song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment, usually expressing an emotional state through its outpouring of melody; found in operas, oratorios, and cantatas.D. Recitative Vocal lines in an opera, oratorio, or cantata hat imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech often serving to lead into an aria.E. Overture (in opera) -Short musical composition, purely orchestral, which opens an opera and sets the overall dramatic mood. Orchestral introductions to later acts of an opera are called preludes. F. Chorus (in opera) A body of singers who sing the choral parts off work.G. Ground bass Variation form in which a musical idea in the bass is repeated over and over while the melodies above it constantly change; common in baroque music. H. Chorale Hymn tune sung too religious text.

Salary Does It Really Make the Difference free essay sample

Salary: Does It Really Make the Difference It is true. An athlete’s salary is twenty times better compared to a teacher’s. But, do they really get the best out of life? Do they really make the bigger impact? Are they really that important to society? Yes, and athlete’s life is much more glamorous and hey, the perks are great, but which occupation is much more meaningful? Teachers are very underpaid for the time they put in doing their job. They are the backbone of our society but sometimes the media, celebrities, and even ordinary citizens feel otherwise. On one side of the spectrum, you have the professional athlete. A typical day for an athlete consists of getting up early in the morning, eating a wholesome breakfast, hopping in their ninety thousand dollar Range Rover and trotting off to practice. Sure, they practice hard executing drills, scrimmages and preparing themselves for games, but what do they do after that? They go home in their Range Rovers and get star treatment. What about the day in the life of a teacher? They wake up a t 6 o’clock and get ready for a long day ahead. They get to school and have to prepare themselves mentally, physically, and emotionally. One some mornings, they hold study sessions for students who are behind or need the extra push. During the school day, sometimes teachers teach students the things necessary for higher learning. But, some are not so fortunate. Sometimes they are faced with students who act like their only purpose in life is to make the teacher’s life miserable. But do these teachers complain? No. They try to improve their students’ understanding and create a better connection so that the student will leave the classroom with something productive. The rest of the day is spent teaching classes, patrolling the hallways, and grading papers. When a teacher goes home she does not get to relax. She spends her nights grading more papers and getting her lesson plans together for the next day. T he cycle continues. The professional athlete gets all the glory for little effort. These athletes are basically idolized and widely successful only because of their talent alone. Some to not even complete their education like Kobe Bryant, Lebron James, Kevin Garnet, and more. They do work hard but does it really have an impact on others? Many times the only interest the athlete has at heart is his own. When all his work is done, he has no time for anyone but himself. Even though a teacher’s work is never done, that doesn’t stop her from being there for her students. Teachers have a strong influence on their students. It is the teacher who is the sole reason why the student is so successful. Without the teacher, the student is lost; they have no sense of direction and do not know their full potential. The highly qualified ones like the honors, AP and even Professors have the best interest of the student at heart. It is not hard for them to prove it either. Teachers will take time out of th eir busy schedule to physically be there for a student, volunteer are school events and be a chaperone on trips. Despite all of this, teachers are rarely recognized for all their hard work. In most cases, professional athletes hire agents to do all the hard work for them. Some are drafted right out of high school and do not achieve the proper education they need to truly be in control of their careers. When they do not have a strong education they have to rely on their agent to help explain and translate their complicated contracts into laymen terms. And as far teachers go, they too must walk in the shoes of a student before they become a teacher. Teachers go to college, sometimes get degree after degree, and conduct extensive study. They put in many hours studying and taking tests so that someday they too will become the one passing out the tests in the classroom. When they do begin to teach, they are constantly being evaluated by administration, attending boring meetings, and putting in all the time they possible can to make their lesson plans easier for the students to learn and retain. The professional athlete gets paid bonuses that are not even necessary. Often times a professional is paid millions right after signing to a team, depending on the sport they play. David Beckham is the highest paid athlete. He gets paid almost $32.5 million over five years and an extra $200 million in endorsements. Again, for a teacher, it seems like they are underpaid. It is disturbing how much a teacher puts in compared to how much they actually get out. Nebraska teachers’ salaries happen to be among the lowest in the nation according to the AFT. At $37,896 a year, many have a quick solution to fix that problem, a part-time job. For many teachers part-time job are a way of life, especially if it is coaching or staffing school activities. Without that extra cash, some of them would barely be getting by. It is obvious that a teacher has the hardest job here and gets paid the least. An athlete is paid so much for just shooting, throwing, kicking or catching a ball. The questio n is how much do they impact students today, and how do they make a difference for the better? Being a teacher is hard work, but the reward for them is knowing that they make it possible for a student to have options in life so that one day that student can become a teacher and give back like the ones before him, become a doctor and save a life, or become whatever else his heart desires.

The Open Field System Essay Example

The Open Field System Essay The open field system is an ancient method of farming, which has been succeeded by newer, more advanced techniques. This system covered half the arable land in Britain at one time, mainly in the Midlands, East Anglia, Central and Southern England. Some areas had either never used this method or had been converted to the enclosure method previously. These areas included North Wales, Cornwall and the Lake District.The open field system consists usually of three large fields. The fields are divided up into strips of field. The strips are 200m in length, (one furlong or furrow long- the amount a team of oxen can plough without resting). Balks, grassy areas of land that were never ploughed, divided the strips. The weeds from these strips often spread in to the crops. At the end of each strip was an area of land called the headland that was used to turn the plough. The strips were divided among the villages such that the good and bad land was spread out. The poor people had only one or two strips. Squatters scavenged off the land using the shared rights of the villages.The crop rotation system prevented the soil from becoming infertile. It left one field every year fallow to regain its nutrients.A Typical Crop RotationEvery one had to grow the same crop in each field and every one had to havest at the same time. Machinery, such as ploughs were shared.The common was an area of land where villages owning or renting land were allowed to graze their animals. They were also allowed to take wood, furze, or peat to use as fuel and acorns, nuts and berries from the woods, (right of Pannage).There is only one place where this method of farming is still practiced, in a little village called Laxton. Like a time capsuelle all the original methods of farming have been preserved and the people are able to live off the land.THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE OPEN FIELD SYSTEMADVANTAGES* As the farmers strips were scattered around the field every one could expect some good and bad strips which made it relatively fair.* The villages had the right to graze their animals on the common land, which meant they didnt have to provide extra food or grazing land.* The villages were allowed to collect peat, furze (gorse) and wood to use as fuel, which saved money.* The villages could gather nuts, acorns and berries (right of Pannage) to feed them and their animals.* Most people in the village had strips in the fields. This meant that many of the people were not working as labourers for other people but farming their own land.* As the requirements of the open farming system were very simple all the needs of the villages were catered for in the village, e.g. the blacksmiths, carpenters and local tradesmen could make the tools.* The open field system meant that the villages were able to provide for themselves as they bred all their animals and grew all their own vegetables and grain. This was necessary, as there was not much trade between cities and villages.* The open field system benefited the poorest people in the village, as they were able to use the resources of the land, e.g. grazing their animals, gathering fuel.* The villages could share tools. This meant they didnt have to buy expensive tools that many of the poorer people could not afford.* The open field system led to close knit communities since every one had to co-operate. Even so there were still disagreements and fights within this.DISADVANTAGES* Since all the animals grazed on the common there was no selective breeding leading to specialised animals. For example; animals bred for their meat, wool or size.* Farmers wasted time travelling between their strips, as they could often be quite a distance between each strip.* As the Farmers land was divided in very small strips there was no benefit in trying new technology or expensive new machinery such as the seed drill.* Not much food was grown for the animals so most were killed before the winter began so there was little point in sto ckbreeding.* Everyone had to grow the same crops, as otherwise the farming methods would be disturbed.* Balks separated the strips so the boundary could be determined and an area at the end of each strip had to be left for turning the plough. Neither of these areas was able to be farmed therefore wasting a substantial amount of land.* Since all the villages were growing the same crops if one plot became diseased it could spread and a whole crop could be lost.* Similarly if one farmer doesnt look after his land then the weeds would take over and spread to the surrounding plots of land.* The common grazing land allowed diseased and healthy animals to be in contact and therefore disease could spread through everyones animals.* As there were no enclosures, such as walls and hedges, animals were able to stray from the common to the fields often destroying crops. This was a punishable offence but didnt compensate for lose of crops.Although the Open Field System had survived for many years had satisfied the villagers, as new technologies and benefits of new techniques of farming emerged eventually the people wanted a change.

Early Indochina Essay Example

Early Indochina Essay Example Early Indochina Essay Early Indochina Essay 1. ) Why did the political chaos of the Period of the Warring States give rise to philosophies such as Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism? Compare and contrast these philosophies and explain which would be the most effective in ruling a large, complex society such as China. The doctrine of Legalism that guided the Qin dynasty, the first unified dynasty after the Warring States period, emphasized strict adherence to a legal code and the absolute power of the emperor. This philosophy, while effective for expanding the empire in a military fashion, proved unworkable for governing it in peacetime. The Qin Emperor presided over the brutal silencing of political opposition, including the event known as the burning of books and the burying of scholars. The Han dynasty followed after only 12 years, and was the first dynasty to embrace the philosophy of Confucianism, which became the ideological underpinning of all regimes until the end of imperial China. Under the Han Dynasty, China made great advances in many areas of the arts and sciences. Emperor Wu consolidated and extended the Chinese empire by pushing back the Xiongnu, enabling the first opening of trading connections between China and the West, along the Silk Road. The Daoist thought developed in response to the turbulence of the late Zhou dynasty and the Period of the Warring States, just like Confucianism. Unlike Confucianism, the Daoists considered it pointless to waste time and energy on problems that defied solution. Instead of Confucian social activism, the Daoists devoted their energies to reflection and introspection, hoping to understand the natural principles that governed the world in order to live in harmony with them. Confucianism was most effective at leading China to success and therefore should be considered the most effective in ruling such a large complex society like China. Legalism is only effective during wartime, which a large society should hope to avoid in order to thrive. Daoism would make it fairly difficult to govern such a large society since it centers on introspection and reflection, not really allowing much room for societal advancement. 2. ) Compare and contrast the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. What were the essential differences between the two? What hope did they give to the common people of India? Which was more conducive to political and social stability? Why? Evidence from both Buddhist and Hindu scriptures show that the two traditions were in dialogue with one another from a very early date. They shared similar religious terminology and practicing the art of yoga. Ancient India had two philosophical streams of religious thoughts: the Shramana and the Vedic. These two religions have shared paralleled beliefs and have existed side by side for thousands of years. Both Buddhism and Jainism are continuations of the Shramana belief while modern Hinduism is a continuation of the Vedic belief. The Buddha rejected various religions path to salvation. He teaches that to achieve salvation one does not have to accept the authority of the scriptures or the existence of God. The focus of the Noble Eightfold Path of Buddhists is not so much about worshipping a god or achieving heaven in the next life. The purpose of the holy life in the Buddha’s path is about liberation from the cycle of rebirth and experience awakening in this very life. Buddhist teachings discourage rites and rituals, while the Hindu hold them in high regard. The Buddhists rejected the caste discriminations of the Hindu religion. Both religions gave the Indian people hope that if they were better people, they would end up in a better place or as a better person. Hinduism was more conducive to political and social stability because it more definitively held one accountable for one’s actions in their life. . ) What were the main achievements and limitations of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire? What were the key turning points in Roman history? The main achievements of the Roman Empire, were a huge empire, an advanced bureaucratic system that managed taxes, public works, bridges and aqueducts. Also they had one of the most efficient, effective and brutal armys that the world has ever seen. The only major limitation over all, that helped cause Rome fall was the fact that usually Roman armys had more loyalty to their general than the state. This meant that constant civil war plagued Rome throughout much of its history, majorly weakening it in the end. Although part of Rome survived up until late in the Middle Ages, but it was called the Byzantine Empire. 4. ) Compare and contrast the decline and collapse of the Han and Roman empires. Are there common problems that always help to explain the collapse of powerful empires? Use examples from earlier empires to back up your arguments. One problem that both Empires had was lack of consistently good leadership. The later or eastern Han empire was well governed at first, in the first century CE, but after 106 CE there was a succession of weak boy emperors, exploited by unscrupulous officials. Rome seems to have been considerably more durable and resilient than the Han system, which collapsed for good in the third century. The Roman Empire was also very heavily beset at the time, with frequent usurpation and civil war, foreign invasion etc but remarkably recovered. This recovery owed much to the strong Illyrian emperors of the latter third century, but no such leadership seems to have stepped forth to the rescue of Han China.

Consumer Attitudes and Behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Consumer Attitudes and Behaviour - Assignment Example Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Fishbein and Ajzen’s (1980) Theory of Reasoned Action 3 2.1 Overview of Fishbein and Ajzen’s theory 3 2.2 Critical analysis and evaluation of Fishbein and Ajzen’s theory 5 3. Evaluation of Change 4 Life campaign – use of Fishbein and Ajzen’s Theory in order to analyse how the Change 4 Life campaign has succeeded in changing the eating behaviours and activity levels of young children in the UK 9 4. Conclusion 11 References 13 Appendix 15 1. Introduction The increase of consumption worldwide, as a consequence of the advances of technology and the following changes in the trends and patterns of social life, has led to a series of social and economic problems; the terms under which consumption is promoted are not always carefully monitored; moreover, no limits or rules have been set regarding the access of children to specific products and services. Additionally, in many cases, the rules of health and safety are ig nored, even with involving in sectors, which are critical for public health, for instance the preparation of food. The implications of the above phenomena can be many. As an example, it has been proved that certain parts of the population, especially children, are more likely to develop unhealthy habits under the influence of advertising. Current paper focuses on the evaluation of the efforts of British Government to help towards the change of eating behaviour and activity levels to children – reference is made specifically to the ‘Change 4 Life’ campaign of the British government, a campaign introduced in 2009. The level at which the targets of the British government, as explained above, have been achieved is critically discussed using the theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein and Ajzen); the elements and the requirements are also presented using the literature published in the specific field. 2. Fishbein and Ajzen’s (1980) Theory of Reasoned Action 2.1 Ove rview of Fishbein and Ajzen’s theory In order to understand the role and the implications of the theory of reasoned action – referring especially to the potential use of this theory in evaluating a marketing project – it is necessary to refer to the conditions under which the particular theory was introduced. In other words, it is important to mention the gaps that the specific theory was asked to cover. Then, the analysis of the elements of the theory can help to understand whether this theory would be effective in modern social and financial environment. The theory of reasoned action of Ajzen and Fishbein (1980) has been introduced as a supplementary theoretical framework to the theory of planned behaviour (Berkowitz 1987). More specifically, the theory of reasoned action – as also the theory of planned behaviour – requires the willingness of a person for a particular action; without this prerequisite, i.e. the willingness of the actor, the theor y of reasoned action cannot be used – neither the theory of planned behaviour; however, this seems to be the only common point between the two theories; after that point, the two theories are differentiated and are applied independently. The theory of reasoned action is based on the claim that ‘most behaviours of interest in the domains of personality and social psychology fall into the volitional

IDS Alert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IDS Alert - Essay Example If my computer pointer starts moving by itself then I will at once pull out the network cable (LAN) or phone line from my PC as it is the point through which any external source can enter my PC. Port 3389 is a remote desktop connection port in windows which is usually opened in many computers on network. (Denning, 1990) A hacker can exploit it using a remote desktop connection and could send malicious threats or Trojans to gain access to the computer from this port. Removing my PC from the network will help isolate it and stop transferring the threat or virus to other Computers on the network. A well define thought and planning is necessary before installing an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) on a network. Besides technical issues and product selection another serious factor are the resource issues that includes manning the sensor feeds, product expenses and infrastructure support that must also be kept in mind. After the computer has been isolated the next step would be to detect and remove the threat using the appropriate Intrusion Detection Systems. Updated versions of spy ware and Antivirus software will be installed on the PC if the current versions could not detect the threat.

Contract Administration and Management -Contracting Officers Essay

Contract Administration and Management -Contracting Officers - Essay Example A PCOs value comes from identifying the best contractor for the job in consideration and ensuring that their compensation matches the work that they will provide. The second is the Administrative Contracting Officer (ACO), whose responsibilities include the administrative aspects of the contract, such as, monitoring the performance of contractors, inspecting and, subsequently, accepting supplies and services from contractors, and ensuring the payment of contractors occurs accordingly. The value of the ACO comes from the contract implementation in that s/he has to ensure that it occurs according to the predetermined terms and conditions (Stanberry, 2012). The third is the Contracting Officer’s Representatives (COR), also known as Contracting Officer’s Technical Representatives, whose responsibilities include assisting the contracting officer in ensuring that the performance of contractors reflects the terms and conditions of the contract. The value of the COR (or COTR) comes from providing guidance, as well as, technical advice with regard to the contract specifications, especially when dealing with service contractors. The fourth is the Termination Contracting Officer (TCO) whose responsibilities include ensuring that the termination of a government contract benefits the government or minimizes losses regardless of whether it is because of the contractor’s default or for government convenience. The value of a TCO comes from ensuring that the losses to the government from the termination are minimal (Stanberry,